< PreviousTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A2 Technical Conditions © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT 1. The premises should be designed and constructed, maintained and managed so as to ensure the health and safety and welfare of all the occupants. Passim including N1 2. Suitable provisions should be made to enable all people to use the premises. B5, B8, C1-4 3. The premises (new or existing) should be designed and constructed, maintained and managed to incorporate energyefficiency. B9, F2-F5 4. The premises should have a sufficient frontage to a road or to an open space having sufficient access to a road to enable the rapid dispersal of people from the premises in emergency. B1 5. Adequate arrangements should be provided for access for emergency vehicles. B2 6. The maximum number of people who may be safely accommodated within the premises should not be exceeded. B3 7. The premises should be provided with adequate facilities to monitor and control the number of people present. B4 8. The premises should be arranged to minimise the risk of nuisance to nearby properties. B6, B7, F2-F4 9. There should be adequate means of escape from all parts of the premises. C1-C4, E7 10. The premises and the fitments therein should be constructed and maintained so as to minimise any risk of structural failure or collapse. D1, D3, K6 11. Adequate barriers or guarding should be provided throughout the premises to minimise so far as practicable the risk of any person falling. D2, D3 12. The premises should be adequately protected against the effects of a fire occurring within the building or in any adjacent building. E1, E2, K6 13. Adequate provision should be made to control the spread of smoke through the premises in the event of fire. E3, E7 14. Any safety curtain should be arranged so as to protect the audience from the effects of a fire or smoke on stage for sufficient time to enable the safe evacuation of the auditorium. E4 15. Adequate protection against lightning should be provided. E5 16. Details of any fire control measures incorporated in the premises should be provided for the fire authority. E6 17. The electrical installation should be mechanically and electrically safe and suitable for the intended use of the premises and inspected and tested regularly. F1 A2 Technical ConditionsTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A2 Technical Conditions © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT 18. All parts of the premises should be provided with adequate illumination. All routes of escape and all parts of the premises should be provided with adequate and assured illumination from two independent supplies and systems. F2 19. Adequate ventilation should be provided to all parts of the premises so as to maintain healthy conditions. F3 20. Permanent means of heating all regularly occupied parts of the premises should be provided and should be arranged so as not to cause any safety or fire hazard. F4 21. The premises should be provided with a permanent water supply and adequate drainage. F5 22. Adequate and free sanitary accommodation should be provided. G1 23. Adequate cloakrooms for patrons together with adequate changing rooms for staff, including performers, should be provided, having regard to the operation of the premises. G2 24. Facilities for the preparation, cooking, storage or sale of food and drink should avoid any risk of contamination. G3 25. An adequate supply of free drinking water should be provided for all staff and performers, together with free drinking water for patrons where the type of entertainment makes this desirable for their health and welfare. G4 26. Adequate provision should be made for the safe storage and ready removal of refuse and for the separation, storage and collection of recyclable materials G5 27. An alarm warning system and efficient means of communication in case of emergency should be provided throughout the premises. H1 28. Efficient means should be provided for calling the fire authority in the event of fire. H1 29. Adequate fire fighting equipment should be provided for the premises. H2 30. Any generator should not present any fire or electrical hazard to the premises. H3 31. Adequate provision for first aid should be made. H4 32. The premises should have adequate facilities for communication with the staff and the public. H1 33. Adequate safety signs should be provided throughout the premises. J1, J2 34. All facilities intended for use by the public should be clearly indicated. J2 35. Any mechanical installation should be arranged so as to minimise any risk to the safety of the public, performers and staff. K1, K2, K4, K5 36. Any special effects should be arranged so as to minimise any risk to the public, performers and staff. K3 37. Appropriate certificates should be obtained as confirmation and evidence that the premises may be safely opened to the public. M1TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Words in italic indicate that the words are defined in this Section. ABCAirway, Breathing, Circulation …; usually called ABC Accommodation gangway gangway provided for the convenience of the occupants of the premises which is not required as part of the means of escape Accommodation limit maximum number of people, not being staff or performers, that may be safely admitted within the premises or a designated area of the premises. It may also be necessary to limit the numbers of staff and performers. The main factors determining the numbers that may be safely admitted are the area of the premises accessible to the public, the means of escape, ventilation and sanitary accommodation Note:Where a premises licence is necessary by law this will be issued by the Licensing Authority for regulated entertainment Accommodation stair provided for the convenience of the occupants of the premises which is not required as part of the means of escape Acousticssee B6 Noise controls in this publication Act drop(painted) cloth or curtain that may be lowered at the end of each scene or act; see Cloth and Drop Acting areaparts in which an action takes place on stage AD XXApproved Document XX to the Building Regulations AED automatedexternaldefibrillator Alarm sounderincludes bells and loudspeakers in voice alarm systems All material times whenever the premises are occupied by members of the public, staff or performers Amphitheatre seatingwhere the audience sit on steps with their legs hanging over the seating riser and without backrest. Steps are sometimes shaped to assist comfort. Sometimes incorrectly called arena seating Ancillary accommodation those parts of the premises to which the public generally do not have access, including any plant rooms, storerooms, kitchens, dressing rooms, stage areas, scene docks,workshops,officesandcontrolrooms Annunciatordevice giving audible or visual information Apronextension of a stage projecting and frequently curved outwards into the auditorium; in certain types of theatre the apron may be quite large; see Forestage, Run out, Thrust stage Architrave plainormoulded,usuallytimber;asafinishingfacingsurroundingadoor or window opening Arena stagestage which can have an audience all around it; see Theatre-in-the round A3 Definitions and ExplanationsTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Auditoriumarea of the theatre in which the audience sits to watch and hear performances Authorised person officeroftheLicensing Authority,policeorfireauthority,anenvironmental healthofficeroraninspectorlocallyresponsiblefortheenforcementof the Health and Safety At Work etc Act 1974 (a health & safety inspector) Automated external defibrillator device with the ability of providing a life-saving shock of electricity to a victim with cardiac arrest Automatic doordevice for closing the doorautomaticallyontheoperationofafirealarm, closure device smoke detector or loss of power. Depending on type, the device may hold the door open or let the door swing free; with either type the doorclosesonoperationofafirealarm,smokedetectororlossof power. Sometimes called an ‘Automatic door hold-open/release device’ or ‘Automatic release mechanism’ Automatic door closure device mechanism device for closing the doorautomaticallyontheoperationofafirealarm, closure device smoke detector or loss of power. Depending on type, the device may hold the door open or let the door swing free; with either type the doorclosesonoperationofafirealarm,smokedetectororlossof power. Sometimes called an ‘Automatic door hold-open/release device’ or ‘Automatic release mechanism’ Automatic releasesee Automatic door closure device mechanism Automationprecise control of scenic elements by means of computer-controlled winches and motors Backdropunframed scenic cloth, with either top ties and pockets or battens at top and bottom; also known as backcloth; see Drop Backingscenery used behind other scenery limiting the audiences’ view; usually behind an opening (such as a doorway or window) in a set; see Masking Backstage(Back of house) part of the theatre to which the public do not normally have access and specificallytodenotetechnical areas behind the proscenium and inaccessible to the public. Usually excluding areas around the auditorium such as lighting bridges and control rooms; see Front of house and Pass door Balconyraised level, which may include seating Note:This includes, where the context permits, tier or mezzanine Balcony frontbarrier at the front edge of a balcony which reduces the risk of people fromfallingontothefloorortierbeneaththebalcony Band or orchestra shell moveablesoundreflectorplacedbehindagroupofmusiciansonthe stageorintheopenairtoimprovetheacousticsbyreflectingthesoundTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Band room1)musicians’ changing rooms 2)where the band plays in a remote location from where their sound is relayed to the stage 3)temporary structure located behind the scenery on the stage for a large musical production Bar1)place where (alcoholic) refreshment is served 2)counter from which (alcoholic) refreshment is served 3) tube,pipe,batten,barrel,barorboom:partoftheflyingsystemusedfor hanging scenery or luminaires (spotlights); generally length of metal pipe (usually 48mm o/d) suspended on a set of lines; see Truss Barn-doora loose accessory to a luminaire, consisting of pieces of hinged metal, used to shape the beam of light of a wide angle luminaire Barrehorizontal rail, usually of wood, used by dancers for support when taking class Barrel clampfor attaching a suspension rope to a barrel Barrel sling shortlengthofchain,barslingorstrop,sometimesfittedwithanon-rated snap hook at one end, used to secure, for example an internally wired bar to a counterweight barrel Bastard promptsee Prompt corner Batten1)length of (usually) wood for scenery construction used to support and weight the top and bottom of hanging scenery cloths and the like 2) compartment batten and/or line of low wattage lamps used to colour cycs or acting areas 3)(obsolete) length of metal trough carrying cables suspended above the acting area Batten clamp1)type of stage hardware which clamps onto a bar, the lower portion opens to clamp to the wooden batten of the drop 2)G-shaped clamp which allows a cloth to be shortened by rolling, the clamp securing the cloth in its rolled position Beginnerssee Call Belaying pinmetal or wooden pin used on the pin rail or the tie-off rail Billy block singletailblockusedtoassistinoverhaulingaflownpieceofsetwhere the load is either very heavy or variable Black box1)small theatre, generally painted in black or a very dark colour, that is adaptable to different stage and seating arrangements 2) using black cloths such as borders and legs to mask the performance area so that performers can enter the acting area through hung legs Black out switchprovision that enables the management lighting, other than escape route signs, to be extinguished during a performance, normally only for short periods Blocksingle or multiple pulley or sheave reeved through for taking extra purchase Bobbincylindrical carrier for the suspension and movement of draw curtains on a horizontal trackTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Bob weightsee Bomb weight Bomb tank strongsteelboxwithameshlidusedtosafelyfirepyrotechnicdevices required to simulate explosions Bomb weightlong thin metal weight, such as a sash window weight rigged to keep lines taut; see Bob weight; see Sandbag Book flat pairofflatshingedtogetherandsetlikeabookuponitsedges Boomvertical pipe at side of stage generally for rigging luminaires; may be front of house or on stage Boom armshort horizontal pipe or a bar clamped to a boom in order to rig luminaires or technical equipment Borderpelmet (short drop) used to mask the line of sight over a setting and to conceal lighting and other equipment from the audience’s view Bowline knotthatformsafixedornon-slipeyeontheendofarope,whichdoes not crush an object but the eye does not grip an object Boxessmall, partial enclosures within an auditorium, often adjacent to the proscenium arch, entered directly from the auditorium or by separate entrance,andgenerallyprovidedwith2to8unfixedseatsfromwhichthe occupants watch the performance Box office officeorkioskwhereticketsmaybepurchased Box setbasically three walls and sometimes a ceiling, normally used for interior scenes comprising a series of flats arranged in a more or less continuous line around the three sides of the acting area away from the audience Brace (corner)pieceofwooduseddiagonallyintheframeofaflattostrengthen and hold it square; see also Stage brace Brail lineline attached to an end of a bar and then to a fly gallery so as to pull and retain any piece of hanging scenery or property from the position it would otherwise hang free Breast lineprocess of pulling a scenic element upstage or downstage by means of a line rigged across stage between fly galleries; see Brail line BREEAMthe Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method Bridge1)gallery bridging across the stage or auditorium used for lighting and sound equipment 2) liftorelevatorinthestagefloorextendingacrossthefloor,usuallytothe proscenium width Bridle1)inverted ‘V’ of rope, cable or chain at the end of a suspension line used tobettersupporttoaflownbarrel 2)rigging point where no overhead structure exists, created by joining two or more slings together from different structural points British Heart Foundation BHF, Greater London House, 180 Hampstead Road, London NW1 7AW; 020 7554 0000; www.bhf.org.uk BSBritish Standard(s)TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Buildingstructure, whether permanent or temporary, which may include a vessel remaining moored to or on land Callwarning to be ready for part of a performance, usually via a backstage- only publicaddresssystem (pa) Canvasfabric used, for instance to form a cloth or to cover a flat Cardiopulmonary resuscitation emergency procedure, performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest Carpet cut seriesofflapsoraslotinthestagefloorinwhichcarpetorotherstage cloth can be held in position, generally on the proscenium line Cartoucheornate decorative design detail above proscenium Catwalklong narrow raised platform extending out into an auditorium with audience on 3 sides CCTVClosed Circuit Television Ceiling piecelarge framed scenic piece hung on two or three sets of lines and used to close in the top of an interior set Ceiling plate metalplatewitharing,usedinboltingtogetherandflyingaceilingframe CE markingindicates that the manufacturer has met the minimum legal requirements for their products in regard to health and safety under European Directives. CE marking is not intended to be a quality mark CENEuropean Committee for Standardization Certificatewritten report or reports of inspection and satisfactory condition completedbyanappropriatelyqualifiedengineerorothercompetent person Note: Certificatesshouldbeprovidedwithinonemonthofinspection and be retained on the premises for inspection by any Authorised Inspector. The competentpersonwhencompletingacertificateshouldindicatethe periodofvalidityofthecertificate Chaperonea parent, legal guardian, or an adult who holds a Chaperone Approval/ Licence in accordance with current legislation CIBSEChartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Circulation spacemainly used as a means of access between a room and an entrance to the building Class O material or surface either composed throughout of materials of limited combustibility; or materialclassifiedasClass1whentestedinaccordancewithBS476-7, whichhasafirepropagationindexIofnotmorethan12,andsub-index i1ofnotmorethan6,whentestedinaccordancewithBS476-6.Class0 isnotaclassificationdefinedwithinaBritishStandardandisahigher grade than Class 1 Clearing stick longpieceofwoodorotherlightweightmaterialfittedwithashortcross piece at the upper end, used for freeing scenery or when lines accidentally caught up or fouled TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Cleat woodenormetalfitmentaboutwhichalinemaybepassedand/ormade fast: see Flyrail cleat or Throwline cleat Clew fittingofwroughtironorsteelusedtoconnectoneropetoanumberof other ropes Cloakroomroom or enclosure for hanging coats Clothany hanging (painted) cloth; see Cutcloth, Backdrop and Stagecloth Clove hitch knotfortyingaropetoaflybarorpost Clubbersmembers of the public attending nightclubs, discos and dance venues Colour renderingability of a light source to display colours naturally over the visual spectrum Colour Rendering Index rates the colourrendering ability of different light sources, with values between 0 to100. 100 is the value ascribed to a black body full spectrum radiator,likedaylightoranincandescentlamp.Thefulldefinition and process for calculating the Colour Rendering Index is found in the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) Technical Report 13.3 –1995 Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources Colour temperaturemeasure of how warm or cool the light emitted from a lamp is, with candlelight very warm at around 1000 kelvins (K), sunrise about 2000K to daylight at noon a much cooler 5000K and the north light from a blue skyupat10,000K.Itisanapproximatemeasure,definedasthe temperature in kelvin of a full spectrum radiator closest in colour appearance to a light source at the same brightness. It is based on the Standard 1931 ICI Colorimetric Co-ordinate System Competent personwho has such practical and theoretical knowledge and such experience as is necessary to carry out the work and who is aware of the limits of his own ability, expertise and knowledge Control room(s)housing lighting and sound desks with a good view of the stage as a whole.Requiresoundproofingbutpreferablywithopenablewindowsinto the auditorium. Can also house audio describers, surtitle operators and the like. Also known as a Control box COSHHControl of Substances Hazardous to Health Counterweight system manuallyoperatedmechanicalsystemforflyingsceneryinwhichthe weight of the pieces of scenery are counter-balanced by the addition of adjustable metal weights in the counterweight cradle running up and down in guides in a frame normally at the side of the stage CPRcardiopulmonary resuscitation CQSColour Quality Scale CRIColour Rendering Index Crossoverpassageway behind or under the stage for actors or technicians to cross from one side of the stage to the other TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT csacross-sectional area Cuesignal for action during the performance by an actor or technician; may be given verbally via headsets or by a cue light invisible to the audience Curtain lineimaginary line across the stage immediately behind the proscenium which marks the position of the house tabs when closed. The term is sometimes used to describe the line of descent of the safety curtain, but this is normally downstage of the true curtain line; see also Setting line Curtain trackrails from which draw-tabs are hung and along which the runners or bobbinstravelwhenthecurtainsaremoved;thetrackmaybefixedor flown Cut clothpart cut out to reveal another cloth set behind; cut out portion is often filledwithgauze CWACEN Workshop Agreement, reference document for CEN Cyclorama (cyc)plain, curved, stretched cloth or rigid structure used as a backdrop to a setting to give an illusion of great depth Dance venue premises intended for public dancing such as a dance hall, (night)club or disco, (as distinct from premises where the public watch performers dance) Dark Skythe International Dark Sky Association (IDA) has provided a set of protocols, which prescribes the quantity and directionality of light emitted by outdoor luminaries. For more information: www.darksky.org Dead predeterminedleveltowhichasuspendedscenicpieceisraised(flown out)orlowered(flownin)totakeupitscorrectpositioninthesetting. Bottom level is IN, top level is OUT Deading cleat lowerofthepaironaflyrailusedtosecureropesatthebottomposition inhempflying Dead hung flownscenicelementtemporarilyattachedtothemainstructurebyaset of lines. Not moved during performances Dead man’s handlesafety device which allows work to continue only as long as there is pressure on it Designated Premises Supervisor in a premises where alcohol is provided, a personal licence holder specifiedinthelicenceastheDesignatedPremisesSupervisorbutcould be the Licensee Note: TheDesignatedPremisesSupervisorwillnormallyhavebeengivenday- to-day responsibility for running the premises Diffractionspreading of light passing through a narrow opening or by the edge of an opaquebodyorreflectedbyagrating,withinterferencephenomena Dip trapshinged covered shallow troughs, generally running up and down stage at the edges, containing outlets for lighting and sound equipment plus providing spaces for cables to prevent tripping hazards at stage level Direct hauled non-counter-weightedmanualflyingsystemTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A3 Definitions and Explanations © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Disabled person/people definedundertheEqualityAct2010as‘Apersonwhohasaphysicalor mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on the person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.’ See also People with impaired mobility Diverter pulleygrid mounted pulley or series of pulleys rigged so as to divert a line or rope away from its natural drop position Dockstorage area next to the stage; scenery is unloaded and taken through the dock (door) to the stage Doorincludes shutter, hatch and gate when appropriate together with any frame and door furniture where the context is requires Door flat scenicflatintowhichadoorunithasbeenfitted Door stop metalplatescrewedtotheedgeofaflatorotherpiecetoprovidepositive locationfortheedgeofanotherflat Double purchasesystem of pulley blocks and suspension ropes which gears the movement purchase of the (double weight) counterweights to half the distance of that of the associated scenery load; see Counterweight system Downstageportions of a stage nearest the audience. (To move downstage means to move towards the audience; to move below a person or object means to move on the side nearest the audience) Drapes anyunspecifiedfireproofedfabrichanginginfoldsasasceneorpartofa scene, especially curtaining fabrics such as wool or velvet Draw tabs (curtains)suspended from sliding or rolling carriers running in an overhead track and opened by being drawn to the side Drencher perforatedsparge(sprinkler)pipethatwill,intheeventofafire,spray water on the upstage face of the safety curtain to stop deformation Dressing roomin which performers change into their costumes and where they prepare for the performance and wait between appearances Drift 1) tolowersomethingwithinconfineslimitedbysceneryorotherobjects 2)distance between top of hung item and bar from which it is suspended Drift line lengthofwireropeusedtosuspendsceneryorpropstoaflownbar. Often wire rope is made up in set lengths, terminating in ferrule secured, thimbled eyes; see Stinger Droplarge piece of canvas either battened at top or bottom or with top ties Drop pulley blockformountingabovethegridfloor,usedforsuspensionlinesorfor spotting a line; see Grid block Duty managerperson in charge of the premises whilst the premises are open to the public EFAWEmergency First Aid at Work (1-day course)Next >