< PreviousTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A4 References © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS; www.cibse.org CIE International Commission on Illumination, CIE Central Bureau, Babenbergtrasse 9/9 A, 1010 Vienna, Austria; www.cie.co.at DCMS Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 100 ParliamentStreet,LondonSW1A2BQ www.culture.gov.uk EDGE-SAFE See Technical Stage Services Ltd; www.edge-safe.co.uk Eurocodes PLUS shop.bsigroup.com/ eurocodes-plus/or08450869001 Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association ESCAHouse34PalaceCourtLondonW24JG www.eca.co.uk/contact-us/k HSE Books POBox1999,Sudbury,Suffolk,C0102WA https://books.hse.gov.uk/ ICEL Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting A Division of the Lighting Industry Association, StaffordPark7,Telford,ShropshireTF33BQ https://www.thelia.org.uk/page/ICEL IES Illuminating Engineering Society, 120 Wall Street.Fl17,NewYork,NY10005-4026 https://www.ies.org/ IET Institution of Engineering and Technology Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2AY www.theiet.org Institute of Acoustics 3 rd Floor,StPeter’sHouse45-49VictoriaStreet, St Albans, Herts, AL1 3WZ www.ioa.org.uk Institution of Lighting Professionals RegentHouse,RegentPlace,Rugby, CV212PN;www.theilp.org.uk Institution of Structural Engineers 47-58BastwickStreet,LondonEC1V3BPS www.istructe.org Latchways plc HoptonPark,Devizes,WiltshireSN102JP www.latchways.com LPS LossPreventionCertificationBoard,BREGlobal Ltd, Bucknalls Lane, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX www.redbooklive.com or www.bre.co.uk NaCTSO, GOV.UK National Counter Terrorism SecurityOffice;www.gov.uk/nactso PLASA ProfessionalLightingandSoundAssociation, Redoubt House, 1 Edward Road, Eastbourne, BN23 8AS www.plasa.org Routledge,Taylor&FrancisGroupLtd,2Park Square,MiltonPark,AbingdonOX144RN. www.routledge.com Society of Light and Lighting, see CIBSE. www.cibse.org/society-of-light-and-lighting; sll@cibse.cibse.org Society of London Theatre 32 Rose Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2E 9ET www.solt.co.uk Technical Stage Services Ltd, Unit 19 Seafox Court,CosmicPark,SherburninElmetLeeds LS25PL.www.technicalstageservices.co.uk; www.ege-safe.co.uk TSO,(TheStationeryOffice)Ltd,29StJohns Lane, London EC1M 4NA; www.tsoshop.co.ukTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A5 Tables © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Table 1Recommended minimum performance requirements for fire-resistingconstruction Section A3 Table 2Surfacespreadofflame:NationalclassificationandEuropean classification:approximateequivalents Section A3 Table 3Floor space factors for calculating the recommended maximum numbers of people permitted within a given area without overcrowding Section B3 Table 4Recommended minimum dimensions for lobbiesSection C1 Table 5Recommended maximum travel distance to the nearest exitSection C1 Table6Recommended minimum clear widths of exit doors and means of escape Section C1 Table 7Recommended minimum number and maximum capacity of exits and means of escape Section C1 Table 8Recommended minimum seating space per personSection C2 Table 9Recommended maximum number of seats in a rowSection C2 Table 10Recommended arrangements for temporary seatingSection C2 Table 11Recommended maximum capacity of staircasesSection C3 Table 12Recommended minimum design loadings for various elements in theatres and premises with a permanent stage or platform Section D1 Table 13Recommended horizontal design loadings for barriersSection D2 Table 14Recommended heights of barriers for level exceeding 380mmSection D2 Table 15Normalised emission spectra (output) for different kinds of lampSection F2 Table16Recommendations for the provision of normal lighting, emergency lighting and escape route sign lighting Section F2 Table 17Minimum input of fresh air to be provided to all habitable parts of the premises Section F3 Table 18Recommended input of fresh air to be provided to all habitable parts of the premises Section F3 Table 19Recommended design temperaturesSection F4 Table 20Minimum toilet for accommodation with uni-sex closetsSection G1 A5 Tables TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A5 Tables © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT Table 21Recommended minimum sanitary accommodation for cinemas, theatres, concert halls and similar buildings where performances are usually non-continuous with interval(s) during the performance Section G1 Table 21ARecommended minimum sanitary accommodation for cinemas and similar venues with continuous performances Section G1 Table 22Recommended minimum sanitary accommodation for premises licensed for regulated entertainment such as public houses, restaurants, discotheques and bars Section G1 Table 22ARecommended minimum sanitary accommodation for small premises subject to conditions Section G1 Table 23Recommended minimum sanitary accommodation for mixed staff (in accordance with BS 6465-1) Section G1 Table 24Recommended minimum sanitary accommodation for mobility/impaired people in entertainment premises Section G1 Table 25Recommended diesel oil storage arrangementsSection H3 Table26Sign sizesSection J1 Table 27DisplaylaserinstallationInspectionandtestcertificateSection K3 Table 28Tests and inspections by the Duty Manager and approved competent persons Section N1 Table 29Water suppliesSection N1 Table 30Specimen checklistSection N1 Table 31Staff trainingSection N2 Table 32Specimen door supervisor logbookSection N2 Table 33Closely-seated auditoriumSection N2 Table 34Attendants - cinemas with a staff alerting systemSection N2 Table 35Attendants - cinemas without a staff alerting systemSection N2 Table36Fire logbookSection N5 Table 37SpecimenfirelogbookSection N5 Table 38Specimen logbookSection N5TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 A6 Figures © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL +TT A6 Figures Figure AAn open stageSection A3 Figure B A separated stage Section A3 Figure C StairSection A3 Figure D OpeningsinfloorsSection C1 Figure E Fire doors in corridors Section C1 Figure F Lobbies Section C1 Figure G Alternative escape routes Section C1 Figure H Separation of exits Section C1 Figure I Initial travel in single direction Section C1 Figure J Doorway width Section C1 Figure KVision panels Section C1 Figure L Measurement of seatways Section C2 Figure M Viewing angle for cinema screens Section C2 Figure N Seatways and gangways Section C2 Figure OHandrails Section C2 FigurePAmphitheatre seating Section C2 Figure QWheelchair refuge on a staircase Section C3 Figure R Ramps Section C3 Figure SBarriers Section D2 Figure T Barriers in front and behind seating Section D2 Figure U External escape routes Section E1 Figure V Haystack lantern-light Section E3 Figure WWater hierarchySection F5 Figure X Accessible sanitary accommodation Section G1 Figure Y Diagrammatictwo-stagefirealarmSection H1 Figure Z Specimen lay-out plan including appropriate symbolsSection H1THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANKTECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 B1 Site © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL+ TT B1 Site COMMENTARY Proper siting is fundamental when considering the suitability of the premises for use for entertainment, whether it be new or a conversion of an existing building. Every opportunity should be taken to incorporate energy efficiency and renewable technologies; this is easier with new-build sites. Ease of access for the public and for the emergency services is essential. Alternative means of egress in emergency is also essential for public, performers and staff. The location of the premises in relation to neighbouring buildings is important if undue nuisance is to be avoided – see also Section B6. Wherever possible the community should be engaged from the start of the development so as to provide opportunity for local people and the public, performers and staff to understand the intention of the development. Likewise the developer may gain better understanding from both the public and the users’ need. Building sight lines should be kept as simple as possible in places where antisocial or criminal behaviour is likely. Complex shapes can too often easily produce concealed focal points for crime and antisocial behaviour leading to litter, graffiti, vandalism, drug dealing and arson. Recessed doorways may cause particular problems – see Recommendations F6.01 to F6.08. Ideally the premises should be located on a corner or island site or have direct access to two or more public highways in a non-residential neighbourhood. Generally, all premises should have at least one means of access directly from a public street or other public space. However, in the case of large or multi-user developments, this may not always be possible and any alternative arrangements will need to be agreed at an early stage. The management must have an appropriate level of control over any private land that forms part of the access or egress from the premises to the public highway so as to avoid action by other users that could create a hindrance or hazard. This includes such problems as car parking, dumped rubbish and the use of guard dogs. Failure to ensure proper control could result in access or egress in an emergency being compromised and also in problems with the delivery or collection of scenery or equipment. For large premises it is desirable that catering supplies can be delivered to separate entrances than those used to receive other deliveries, which may include office material, scenery and sound equipment. The likely size of scenery-carrying vehicles, their turning circles and parking requirements need careful consideration. Scenery vehicles and outside broadcast vehicles may need to be parked outside larger premises for considerable periods.TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 B1 Site © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL + TT TECHNICAL STANDARDS 1. The premises should be designed and constructed, maintained and managed so as to ensure the health and safety and welfare of all the occupants. 4. The premises should have a sufficient frontage to a road or to an open space having sufficient access to a road to enable the rapid dispersal of people from the premises in emergency. All of the Technical Standards are listed in Section A2. Section A3 has some details of definitions and explanations. Section A4 lists the publications referred to in Technical Standards for places of entertainment and their publishers. RECOMMENDATIONS B1.01 The premises should, wherever possible, abut directly upon one or more public highways. B1.02 The width of the road(s) or the capacity of the open space(s) should not be less than the aggregate width or capacity of the exits discharging into the road(s) or open space(s). B1.03 Any private way or open space that forms part of the access to or emergency egress from the premises should be under the control of the management. Note:The usage of any such way or open space need not be exclusive to the premises if the appropriate responsible authority, for example the fire authority, is satisfied that the arrangements will provide adequate means of escape which will be available for immediate use at all material times. B1.04 Any road or other space used by traffic should be provided with raised kerbs, barriers or other segregation where necessary to ensure the safety of people arriving at or leaving the premises. B1.05The premises should, wherever possible, allow level access to ensure satisfactory access for people with impaired mobility. Suitable tactile surfaces should be provided where level access is not possible.TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 B2 Access for emergency vehicles © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL + TT B2 Access for Emergency Vehicles COMMENTARY It is important that the vehicles of the emergency services can reach the premises easily. Provided the fire authority can get their vehicles near to buildings in order to undertake effective firefighting, access should be satisfactory for the other emergency services. Where road access is restricted other arrangements should be made to ensure that all the emergency services would be able to provide proper support services. TECHNICAL STANDARDS 1. The premises should be designed and constructed, maintained and managed so as to ensure the health and safety and welfare of all the occupants. 5. Adequate arrangements should be provided for access for emergency vehicles. All of the Technical Standards are listed in Section A2. Section A3 has some details of definitions and explanations. Section A4 lists the publications referred to in Technical Standards for places of entertainment and their publishers. RECOMMENDATIONS B2.01 Access routes to and around the building should meet the recommendations of AD B: Fire Safety: Buildings other than dwelling houses see also BS 9999 Section 6. B2.02 Where this is impracticable, as may occur for example with the conversion of existing buildings, alternative arrangements, such as the provision of hydrants, the inclusion of sprinklers or automatic fire detection, should be agreed with the local fire authority. B2.03 Where road access is restricted, there should be direct and level access to the principal entrance to the premises to enable the easy use of emergency equipment, such as fire hoses or stretchers. B2.04The fire authority should be consulted with regard to the access arrangements for fire fighting appliances. TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 B3 Accommodation © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL + TT B3 Accommodation COMMENTARY A limit has to be put on the number of people who are allowed in the premises so as to avoid overcrowding and to ensure that the means of escape, sanitary accommodation and other facilities are adequate. Sometimes, particularly with the conversion of existing buildings to entertainments use, the limitations of the existing structure, the number or width of the exits or the available facilities may decide the accommodation limit. This Section deals with the setting of accommodation limits to avoid overcrowding. The plans of the premises should be available in order to determine the number of people who can safely be accommodated within the premises. Whenever possible, detailed plans should be considered showing the proposed seating layout(s), any standing areas, any dance floors, band platforms, stages, bars, restaurants, staff areas, etc. In premises that may be used for more than one purpose, the calculation should be performed for each use in order to ascertain the maximum number of people the premises could hold. The possible simultaneous use of the premises for more than one function should also be considered. Decisions regarding the intended operation of the premises need to be known for this calculation. For instance, if a bar is to be used as a public house as well as catering for the audience for a play, the possible number of people within the premises could well exceed the capacity of the auditorium. Arrangements for patrons awaiting admission may also increase the total occupancy if they are able to wait within the premises. TECHNICAL STANDARDS 1. The premises should be designed and constructed, maintained and managed so as to ensure the health and safety and welfare of all the occupants. 6. The maximum number of people who may be safely accommodated within the premises should not be exceeded. All of the Technical Standards are listed in Section A2. Section A3 has some details of definitions and explanations. Section A4 lists the publications referred to in Technical Standards for places of entertainment and their publishers. RECOMMENDATIONS B3.01 Table 3 shows how to calculate the recommended maximum number of people who may be accommodated without overcrowding . The numbers of people who could be present in each part of the premises should be determined from this Table. a)Staff and performer numbers may usually be discounted when assessing accommodation limits unless special considerations apply, for example with an opera house an assessment should be made of the maximum number of performers and staff likely to be present. b)It is recommended that in all cases the exits from any stage be amply sized – see Recommendation C1.32.TECHNICAL STANDARDS 2022 B3 Accommodation © ABTT+CIEH+DSA+IOL + TT Table 3. Floor space factors for calculating the recommended maximum numbers of people permitted within a given area without overcrowding Type of accommodation Area allowed per person Individual seating where layout is known count the number of seats where layout is not known (a) allow for seats with backs but no arms 0.65m 2 allow for seats with backs and arms 0.7m 2 Bench seating where layout is known divide total length of benches by 450mm where layout is not known (a) allow for benches without backs or arms 0.55m 2 Cabaret style seating (b & c) – chairs around tables arranged to identify gangways that provide free and ready access to all exits 1.0 to 1.5m 2 Bar areas and similar refreshment areas – standing within 2m of the serving area 0.3m 2 Public houses, halls or areas without seating (d) – music and similar entertainment only for a standing audience 0.3 to 0.45m 2 Dance area0.5m 2 Restaurant and similar table and chair arrangements around dance areas (b & c) – seating provided only at tables 1.0 to 1.5m 2 Exhibition spaces or studios (c)1.5m 2 Art galleries or museums (c ) 5.0m 2 Foyers see Recommendations B3.03 – B3.05 (a) These figures include an allowance for seatways and gangways. The occupancy should be recalculated once the seating layout is known. (b) More attendants may be needed depending upon the type of the audience and the nature of the entertainment. Extra attendants may therefore reduce the number of other people present. (c) These figures include an allowance for furniture. (d) to determine whether a space factor of 0.3m 2 may be achieved a risk assessment should be conducted to identify that there are ancillary locations around the perimeter of the spectator area into which members of the audience may freely move to relieve crowd pressure. Note: These figures should be used to determine the maximum number of people accommodated unless other factors such as limitations on the design or number of escape routes or the provision of ventilation or sanitary accommodation causes a lower figure to be adopted. Next >